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ADHD in Adults – Treatment Options ADHD is a prevalent neurological disorder that affects 4,4% of the population. It is accompanied by high rates of comorbidity (depression anxiety, anxiety, and addiction to drugs) and significant emotional, social and occupational impairments. Both psychotherapy and medication are effective treatments for adults suffering from ADHD. The most commonly prescribed medications are stimulants such as methylphenidate or amphetamine. Medications Many adults with ADHD have seen significant improvement in their symptoms and functioning in response to medication. Due to the various ways people respond to medications it is essential for those with ADHD to discover a combination that is most effective. Adults with ADHD are prescribed stimulants, such as methylphenidate or amphetamines. They are available in immediate-release (short-acting) tablet or liquid form, and can be taken as frequently as every three to four hours. Adults may supplement an immediate-release medicine with an extended release long-acting medicine at least every week to lessen the requirement to take it often throughout the day. Adults suffering from ADHD are also treated successfully with antidepressants like desipramine. This class of medications can be employed in conjunction with stimulants or on their own to boost their effects. However, they may increase the risk of serious cardiovascular adverse effects like a rapid heartbeat, EKG changes, and orthostatic hypotension. Adults suffering from ADHD can also be treated using alprazolam and clonidine, which are both Alpha-2 antagonists of the adrenergic system. These medications were initially created to treat hypertension. They have a calming affect and may improve focus and reduce hyperactivity and impulse control in some adults. However, these drugs can cause a very low blood pressure when they are suddenly removed or reduced in dosage. Psychotherapy can also be beneficial for adults suffering from ADHD. Individual therapy helps them deal with feelings of embarrassment, shame, and resentment toward coworkers, supervisors, teachers and family members who might nitpick or criticize them. Additionally counseling for marriage and families can help couples with ADHD to understand each other's issues and improve communication. Behavioral Therapy The primary goal of psychosocial therapy for adults ADHD is to help people learn strategies and techniques that enhance performance in everyday life. Psychotherapy can help those with ADHD overcome their low self-esteem, and the feeling of failure they often feel. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) assists individuals in changing the negative thoughts that create problems in their lives and to discover new ways of thinking, feeling and acting. This short-term, goal-oriented form of psychotherapy has been proven to be effective for many disorders, including depression and anxiety. It can be used in conjunction with other therapies or by itself. CBT could involve group therapy, which can be particularly beneficial for people with ADHD because it gives the opportunity to interact with other people with similar challenges and to learn from others how they manage their ADHD symptoms. It can be delivered in person or via the phone. In one study, CBT was compared to conventional therapy for adults with ADHD. adhd treatment for adults medication helped improve self-reporting indicators like symptoms, functioning, and quality of life. Numerous studies have evaluated CBT with other psychosocial treatments for adults suffering from ADHD, and all show significant reductions in self-reported ADHD symptoms, with medium to large effect size. These improvements were linked to various modalities such as cognitive and interpersonal behavioral therapy, social skills training, problem-solving training and mindfulness meditation. It is essential to assess the effectiveness of different treatments for adult ADHD with caution. It is likely that differences in outcome results reflect a number of variables, including treatment characteristics, measures employed, and patient backgrounds. There are few studies that have investigated the effectiveness neurofeedback. This technique involves wearing an electrode-lined hat while performing cognitive tasks in order to determine brain regions where there is excessive or insufficient activity. The individual then learns to control these patterns. Counseling Many people with ADHD also suffer from comorbid mood or anxiety disorders that require treatment. adhd in adults untreated can help to address these issues, which may be contributing to ADHD symptoms. Interpersonal therapy is one of the psychotherapy techniques that can aid in improving the ability of a person to resolve conflicts and develop lasting relationships. Cognitive behavioral therapy aims to alter negative behaviors and assist in reducing impulsive and self-destructive behaviors that can cause problems at work or school. In certain situations psychotherapy may be utilized in combination with medication for adults who are seeking treatment for adhd. Patients suffering from multiple disorders like addiction to substances, depression and bipolar disorder should be assessed to ensure that their symptoms are not worsened by the medications used to treat ADHD. Certain medical conditions, like thyroid disorders, lead poisoning and a history of seizures, need to be treated more aggressively. In-depth outpatient programs could be recommended when the person's ADHD is such that it hinders their daily functioning and quality of life. These programs provide more thorough and controlled treatment than standard outpatient therapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), which is a type of cognitive therapy, aids people with ADHD to improve their ability to manage time, impulse control, planning and executive function. It helps them understand and express their emotions and uses worksheets and activities to make the lessons engaging. Mindfulness meditation training enhances CBT and enhances a person's ability to focus and manage their emotions. It enhances the capacity of a person's ability to handle stress and arousal. adhd in adults symptoms and treatment can help them cope with sadness, anger and other emotions that may be contributing towards their ADHD. Occupational Therapy Adults suffering from ADHD have issues functioning at work and at home. These symptoms can also affect relationships and can lead to financial problems. Therapy that addresses these issues will help you improve your self-esteem and address the root of the issue. It can also help you develop healthy coping strategies. Cognitive-behavioral therapy can be a beneficial treatment for adults suffering from ADHD because it helps you change your negative beliefs and behaviors. Particularly, it concentrates on teaching you to use strategies for managing time and overcoming thinking distortions that contribute to negative moods and the perception of limited choices. Many people suffering from ADHD suffer from anxiety or depression disorders that are comorbid. These psychiatric disorders can exacerbate or decrease the effectiveness of certain drugs used to treat ADHD. Therefore, it is recommended to first treat the most severe comorbidity and then observe its response to the medication before treating the other disorder. Occupational therapy can help you manage your life and work and establish routines that are predictable to control your time and money and create an optimistic image of yourself. It can help you learn techniques for relaxation that can reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity. Additionally yoga and other forms of exercise can aid in improving your focus by stabilizing your body in different poses. Family and marriage counseling can help adults with ADHD to solve the problems they cause their children, spouses and others. They often complain about being unreliable and disorganized. They often forget things or make impulsive choices. You can build stronger relationships by educating your spouses and family members about ADHD. It can aid you and your family members to understand that the issues are due to ADHD and not the lack of care or an unwillingness to cooperate. Clinical Trials Adult ADHD is a neurobiological disorder which is very frequent. It is often associated with comorbid conditions such as depression, anxiety and substance abuse disorders. The use of medication and psychosocial interventions is available as treatment options. A variety of medications are available for adults with ADHD and a few of them have been evaluated in clinical trials. These studies have revealed the strengths and weaknesses of the various medications. Adults with ADHD may experience the same symptoms that children do, but it can be difficult to identify because childhood symptoms might not last into adulthood. Adults with ADHD might not have an ancestral history of the disorder, or may not remember symptoms. A thorough medical history is important to determine if the symptoms are due to an illness like thyroid problems or sleep apnea. It could also be due to hearing and vision problems or lead poisoning. Adults suffering from ADHD are treated with stimulants or nonstimulants. Stimulants are the most effective medications for treating adults with ADHD and their responsiveness rates are in the 70 – 80% range. The most commonly used stimulants are methylphenidate and amphetamine compounds. Methylphenidate can also be found in a transdermal system, which allows for a continuous supply of medication throughout the day. Adults suffering from ADHD are able to take nonstimulant medication that are based on norepinephrine, or dopamine. Desipramine, which is the most researched tricyclic, has shown to work in adult ADHD patients. It is a low dose medicine and is recommended to increase the dose by 50 mg every seven days until the desired response is observed. Bupropion XL is a different antidepressant which has been proven to be effective for adults suffering from ADHD. It is a dopamine-agonist which is effective in blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine in the presynaptic cellular transporter, increasing its availability in brain. This drug has been found to improve mood and decrease hyperactivity in adults. However, it isn't as effective as stimulants in improving concentration or cognitive function.